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101.
Andreas Musolff Sebastian Leschik Monika Mder Gerhard Strauch Frido Reinstorf Mario Schirmer 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(11):3069-3077
Based on a monitoring program over the course of a year, we characterize the temporal and spatial distribution of selected micropollutants in an urban watershed within the city of Leipzig, Germany. Micropollutants revealed a ubiquitous presence in untreated and treated wastewater, surface water and groundwater. The loads of 4-nonylphenol in the effluents of the municipal wastewater treatment plant followed a seasonal trend, whereas the loads of all other micropollutants were highly variable and not correlated to seasons. In the surface water, load seasonality of caffeine, galaxolide and tonalide resulted from a rapid removal with increased water temperature. The loads of 4-nonylphenol and of caffeine in the colder months increased when rainfall occurred. In the groundwater, complex spatial and temporal patterns were apparent and were related to varying input, retardation and removal processes. As a consequence, an assessment of micropollutants in urban waters should consider different micropollutants' temporal and spatial variability. 相似文献
102.
Bart Van der Straeten Jeroen Buysse Stephan Nolte Ludwig Lauwers Dakerlia Claeys Guido Van Huylenbroeck 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2010,53(8):1011-1030
The EU Nitrate Directive has spurred many countries to regulate manure production and manure application. Farmers have three allocation options: spreading manure on their own land, transporting manure to other farmers' land or processing manure. The manure problem can be seen as an allocation problem. To better understand this allocation problem, we have developed the spatial mathematical programming multi-agent simulation (MP-MAS) model. This model has been applied in Flanders, Belgium, a region with a high concentration of livestock. The model evaluates the cost efficiency of policy intervention in the manure market through obliged processing. We propose to further optimise the policy using a regionally differentiated manure pressure indicator, which is directly derived from the dual outcome of the mathematical programme. This indicator increases transparency in the manure and processing market, leading to better decision support about location and type of manure processing. 相似文献
103.
104.
Land use and land cover changes are a major source of environmental degradation and therefore a serious issue in sustainable development studies and in the integrated assessment of environmental problems. In an attempt to understand part of the complexity of land use change we here aim to explore the ways in which economists deals with the land use issue. We argue that space is one of the forgotten items in economics. Economists often seem to ignore high-resolution spatial dynamics either because they are not considered as an important feature of the problem or out of habit. It seems as though there is a trade-off between spatial resolution and human behaviour in current applications. Certain types of models are capable of capturing the spatial complexity of urban and regional areas, for instance, by using cellular automata. Other types of land use models clearly have shortcomings where it concerns spatial detail. Dynamic modelling approaches do not guarantee a high spatial resolution.We propose to give more attention to agent based modelling as this type of modelling provides a specific connection between processes on micro level and macro-level spatial structures. 相似文献
105.
I. Vigano T. Rckmann R. Holzinger A. van Dijk F. Keppler M. Greule W.A. Brand H. Geilmann H. van Weelden 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(35):5637-5646
Recent experiments have shown that dry and fresh leaves, other plant matter, as well as several structural plant components, emit methane upon irradiation with UV light. Here we present the source isotope signatures of the methane emitted from a range of dry natural plant leaves and structural compounds. UV-induced methane from organic matter is strongly depleted in both 13C and D compared to the bulk biomass. The isotopic content of plant methoxyl groups, which have been identified as important precursors of aerobic methane formation in plants, falls roughly halfway between the bulk and CH4 isotopic composition. C3 and C4/CAM plants show the well-established isotope difference in bulk 13C content. Our results show that they also emit CH4 with different δ13C value. Furthermore, δ13C of methoxyl groups in the plant material, and ester methoxyl groups only, show a similar difference between C3 and C4/CAM plants. The correlation between the δ13C of emitted CH4 and methoxyl groups implies that methoxyl groups are not the only source substrate of CH4.Interestingly, δD values of the emitted CH4 are also found to be different for C3 and C4 plants, although there is no significant difference in the bulk material. Bulk δD analyses may be compromised by a large reservoir of exchangeable hydrogen, but no significant δD difference is found either for the methoxyl groups, which do not contain exchangeable hydrogen. The δD difference in CH4 between C3 and C4 plants indicates that at least two different reservoirs are involved in CH4 emission. One of them is the OCH3 group, the other one must be significantly depleted, and contribute more to the emissions of C3 plants compared to C4 plants. In qualitative agreement with this hypothesis, CH4 emission rates are higher for C3 plants than for C4 plants. 相似文献
106.
Claudia Voelckel Tamara Krügel Klaus Gase Nadja Heidrich Nicole M. van Dam Robert Winz Ian T. Baldwin 《Chemoecology》2001,11(3):121-126
107.
Nelzair A. Vianna Daniel Gonçalves Flavia Brandão Roberta P. de Barros Gilberto M. Amado Filho Rodrigo O. Meire João Paulo M. Torres Olaf Malm Argemiro D’Oliveira Júnior Leonardo R. Andrade 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(3):416-427
Purpose
The aims of this paper were to quantify the heavy metals (HM) in the air of different sites in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and Salvador (SA) using Tillandsia usneoides (Bromeliaceae) as a biomonitor, and to study the morphology and elemental composition of the air particulate matter (PM) retained on the Tillandsia surface. 相似文献108.
109.
Chemical, biological, and ecotoxicological assessment of pesticides and persistent organic pollutants in the Bahlui River, Romania 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mariana Neamtu Ioan M. Ciumasu Naela Costica Mihai Costica Magda Bobu Mircea N. Nicoara Cezar Catrinescu Kristin Becker van Slooten Luiz F. De Alencastro 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(Z1):76-85
Background, aim, and scope
Current knowledge on environmental impacts of industrial activities in Romania, particularly persistent organic pollutants (POPs), indicates that environmental standards of the European Union are not systematically met. In our study area, additional sources of POPs are agriculture and domestic wastes. Very scarce information is available upon environmental contaminations and effects. In the present study, we investigated the chemical pollution and their eventual impact on the ecosystem by measuring POPs and by using biological indicators of pollution. 相似文献110.
C. Stoate A. Bldi P. Beja N.D. Boatman I. Herzon A. van Doorn G.R. de Snoo L. Rakosy C. Ramwell 《Journal of environmental management》2009,91(1):22-46
The impacts of agricultural land use are far-reaching and extend to areas outside production. This paper provides an overview of the ecological status of agricultural systems across the European Union in the light of recent policy changes. It builds on the previous review of 2001 devoted to the impacts of agricultural intensification in Western Europe. The focus countries are the UK, The Netherlands, Boreal and Baltic countries, Portugal, Hungary and Romania, representing a geographical spread across Europe, but additional reference is made to other countries. Despite many adjustments to agricultural policy, intensification of production in some regions and concurrent abandonment in others remain the major threat to the ecology of agro-ecosystems impairing the state of soil, water and air and reducing biological diversity in agricultural landscapes. The impacts also extend to surrounding terrestrial and aquatic systems through water and aerial contamination and development of agricultural infrastructures (e.g. dams and irrigation channels). Improvements are also documented regionally, such as successful support of farmland species, and improved condition of watercourses and landscapes. This was attributed to agricultural policy targeted at the environment, improved environmental legislation, and new market opportunities. Research into ecosystem services associated with agriculture may provide further pressure to develop policy that is targeted at their continuous provisioning, fostering motivation of land managers to continue to protect and enhance them. 相似文献